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In computing, page cache, sometimes ambiguously called disk cache, is a "transparent" buffer of disk-backed pages kept in main memory (RAM) by the operating system for quicker access. Page cache is typically implemented in kernels with the paging memory management, and is completely transparent to applications. All memory that is not directly allocated to applications is usually utilized for page cache. Hard disk read speeds are low and random accesses require expensive disk seeks compared to main memory—this is why RAM upgrades usually yield significant improvements in computers' speed and responsiveness.[citation needed] Separate disk caching is provided on the hardware side, by dedicated RAM or NVRAM chips located either in disk controller (inside a hard disk drive; properly called disk buffer[citation needed]) or in a disk array controller. Such memory should not be confused with page cache.

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